I recently had an incredibly useful session in the print room with my lecturer and the print technician, who both showed me a lot about lino printing. We used the University’s lovely but neglected Albion press, of which there are two in Europe, both situated in our University. I was immediately told not to use the water based ink I’d been leaning towards, but instead the oil based, which is a very different texture. Padding was another thing I knew nothing of but is very important in getting the correct density of ink in the image. There seems to be two main variables- the ink and pressure, so it should be pretty straightforward to work out what is lacking.

Using the press shows the flaws of a lino more than hand pulling, the pressure forces the paper in to the hollow on the lino and picks up all the recessed ink, so I think I’ll have to re cut most of the daisies image- the pigeons is ok in the main, as the large expanses of black, uncut lino mean the paper can be pushed so low. I love how the grain of the lino shows through, the texture is so much nicer than any flat black of modern printing.

Silkscreening is a great way to get your designs onto paper, fabric, metal, wood- pretty much anything! The method doesn’t actually use silk- but it’s a fine mesh that’s stretched across a frame.  It allows you to use more complex design that a a stencil and spray paint or paint because the mesh allows you to attach islands that would otherwise be lost. You can block off areas of the screen in various ways- using a light sensitive fluid to create a very detailed image, or using viscous fluid to block out some parts of the mesh. The very simplest version of silkscreening uses a stencil, and this is the method I’m going to explain here.

This particular method uses contact paper (or sticky-back plastic as it’s known to schoolchildren and librarians alike), but you can also use a sheet of acetate, paper, card or stencil film. I’m going to go with contact paper for this one because although it’s not really re-usable (many prints can be made with the one stencil, but once you clean up and peel it off it’s pretty much gone) it does happen to make pretty clean images.

You will need:

Contact paper

Brown plastic-y parcel tape.

Exacto knife.

A screen with mesh.

A squeegee.

Screen printing ink- or acrylic paint with screen printing medium.

Good paper.

Scrap paper.

Again, this is a project to organise before any ink is poured because screens can and will clog if you leave them- and a wasted screen is a sad thing.

1. Cut your design. Cut through both layers of contact paper, and bear in mind that the negative space will be printed.

If you have any ‘islands’ (bits of contact paper that will stop ink touching the paper- unconnected to the main stencil by bridges) make sure you keep these, and if necessary label them.

2. Remove the paper backing from your contact paper and stick it to the flat (under) side of your screen. It’s easiest to do this by peeling one edge at a time, smoothing from the centre and sticking it bit by bit to the screen- try not to get any bubbles trapped!

3. When this is done you can turn the screen over so the recessed side is facing you. Use your brown tape to mask off all the other space in your screen, working from the edges towards the centre. This can get a bit screwed up if you don’t know the trick! Take off a length of tape roughly equal to the inner edge of the frame. Hold each end in a hand, and ‘fold’ it, whilst trying not to handle the sticky side too much. Place on the screen- pushing the central section down first and moving outwards.

After the four sides are done, the entirety of the screen not covered by the stencil also have to be covered.

4. Once your screen is nice and ink-proof, mix up your paint. The silk screen ink can be used pretty much out of the pot, but the acrylic medium needs to be mixed up- “from 0.5-1 part to 1 part colour” or in regular language: pretty much half and half. If you’re mixing up a colour, always add the medium first, then the lightest colour, and so on, in order to avoid mixing excess paint.

5. Paint mixed, screen taped, paper ready? Time to screen! Pour out about a tablespoon of your ink onto the top of your screen, then use your squeegee to draw it across your screen, in one movement with barely any downward pressure, and holding the squeegee at about a 45 degree angle. This should flood your screen with ink, and hopefully shouldn’t force the ink onto the surface below. Then place your good paper below and use a similar action in the opposite direction with a firm pressure to force out the ink onto the paper or fabric.

For every image you screen there should always be the two movements with the squeegee- the flood and the screen. The flood is a lighter movement, and merely causes the ink particles to be held in the fine mesh exposed by your image. The following action, should be firmer and should cause the ink to be transfered to the paper or fabric below. If you need to leave your screen for a minute or two- always flood it first to make sure the ink doesn’t dry quickly and block the mesh.

6. Dry your prints- the obligatory photo showing off my paper drying line.

7. Fini!